Author(s): Murasing DK, Mahajan M, Arya D, Sharma N, Rawat S and Sharma M

Abstract: Fertility is most important for enhancement of livestock populations. Sperm and seminal plasma contain a variety of proteins, including protamine, which can be utilized as a fertility marker. Every protein involved in sperm function is essential for its efficient assembly, motility, capacitation, cell protection, acrosome responses, effective fertilization, activation of the egg, and embryonic development. Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) utilizes the genetic information at markers.Although metabolites are crucial to biological processes, little is known about the precise identities and importance of the seminal plasma metabolome in relation to bull fertility. Bull seminal plasma's metabolome was examined using GC-MS, and compounds including fructose and 2-oxoglutaric acid were identified as possible indicators of bull fertility. While several of these metabolites have been identified and their activities established, a larger number of sperm and seminal plasma metabolites remain unidentified. The epididymis, testis, and male accessory sex glands secrete seminal plasma. While there has been relatively little research on them, a variety of seminal plasma proteins are linked to male fertility. Recently, proteomics has demonstrated the variations in the protein profiles found in the seminal plasma of bulls with high and poor fertility. Osteopontin, phospholipase A2, P25b, acidic seminal fluid proteins, a-L-fucosidase, and cathepsin D have positive correlations with bull fertility, but lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, spermadhesin Z13, clusterin, and ubiquitin have negative correlations. Further research is needed to understand the physiological functions of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 5, nuclobindin, Niemann-Pick C2, and epididymal sperm-binding protein 1 and how they relate to bull fertility. The current review article explains the roles played by several blood, sperm, and seminal plasma proteins as well as how bull fertility is related to them.

DOI: 10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i7Sc.1503