Optimization of drying temperature for enhanced physical and mechanical properties of potato and rice starch-based bioplastic
Author(s): Nikhilesh A and Kamlesh R Jethva
Abstract: The widespread use of conventional plastics has led to environmental worries since they don't break down naturally. To address this issue, biodegradable plastics made from natural materials like potato and rice starch have been created. This study investigates the impact of drying temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of bioplastic derived from potato and rice starch, combined with glycerol as a plasticizer. Potato and rice starch were extracted through a process of washing, blending, filtering, and drying at 105 ℃. Bioplastic samples were developed using an optimized blend of 23.57g potato starch, 18.00g rice starch, and 2ml glycerol, heated and cast into 2mm thick films. These films were dried at various temperatures (55, 60, 65, and 70 ℃) to assess changes in physical, water-related, optical, and mechanical properties. Results show that the thickness of bioplastics decreases with increasing drying temperature, with the thinnest films at 70 ℃. Water absorption and solubility were lowest at 65 ℃, indicating denser, less porous structures. Colour values (L*, a*, and b*) also peaked at 65 ℃, while opacity decreased with higher temperatures. Mechanical tests revealed that tensile and bursting strengths were highest at 65 ℃, suggesting enhanced density and cohesiveness at this temperature. The drying temperature significantly influences the structural integrity and performance of bioplastic, with 65 ℃ being optimal for achieving superior mechanical properties.
